TENSES:

 TENSES:

In English Grammar , Verbs are often used in away that it indicates or denotes the time when an event occurred. These verbs that take up different forms to indicate the time of an action, event or condition by changing its form are called as tenses. Tense can be broadly classified into three broad categories:

TENSES:

Now let us have a brief introduction of Tenses.

There are 3 kinds of tenses in English language, like all languages.

The below are these 3 kinds.

1) Present Tense, 

2) Past Tense

3) Future Tense

But in English language, each tense is divided into 4 sub tenses.

1) Present Tense:

a) Simple present tense, 

b) Present continuous tense,

c) Present perfect tense, and 

d) Present Perfect continuous tense

2) Past Tense:

a) Simple past tense, 

b) Past continuous tense

c) Past perfect tense, and 

d) Past perfect continuous tense

3) Future Tense:

a) Simple future tense, 

b) Future continuous tense

c) Future perfect tense, and 

d) Future perfect continuous tense

In this way, there are totally 12 tenses in English.

Now you have to answer the below questions.

Before going into the TENSES, you should have some basic knowledge of SUBJECT, NOUN, PRONOUN and VERB. In every tense, we use them. Using some examples, let us see and understand them.

1.           Stephen is going to New York.
2.          Rahim reached the university.
3.          Raju will reach New Delhi.
4.         I eat very well.
5.          He sleeps quickly.

SUBJECT:

In the above sentences, “Stephen, Rahim, Raju, I, He” are SUBJECTS. A person or thing that does a work / activity / action in a sentence is called SUBJECT. Almost every sentence has a

SUBJECT. This SUBJECT can be Noun or Pronoun.

NOUN:

"Noun means “name”. There is a name for everything in the Universe."

Ex: David, America, Girl, country, ball, bat, school, Television, chair,computer, fruit, happiness etc.

PRONOUN:

"A word which is used instead of a noun is called pronoun."

1.  Akbar is a king. He went to forest. He killed a lion.

In the above sentence, instead of the word "Akbar", I used the word“he”, two times.

So “He” is a pronoun.

VERB:

The words those which express an action /activity/ work are verbs.See the examples. These kind of words are verbs.

Ex: go, run, drink, use, drive, sleep, sell, buy, speak, read, wash,enjoy, catch etc.

Simple Present Tense ----- Lesson 1

We use “simple present tense” in the following situations.

1) To tell Habits:

We have many habits. We can express our habits, using this tense.

 Examples:

1.          He drinks tea at breakfast.
2.      She eats fish only.
3.       They watch television regularly.

2) To tell "Regular activities":

We do some activities regularly. Regularly means daily or everySunday, or every month etc. We can express those regular activities using this tense.

Examples:

1.          We catch the bus every morning.
2.      It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
3.      They drive to Japan every summer.
4.      I play football every weekend.

3) To tell Natural / General truths:

There are some truths. Naturally / Generally we know those truths.

To express those natural /general truths, we can use this tense.

Examples:

•          Water freezes at zero degrees.
•       The Earth revolves around the Sun. 
•      Our body contains 206 bones.
•       Light travels at almost 300,000 kilo meters per second.
•        The cow gives milk.

Structure:

• Positive Sentences- S+V1+O.
• Negative- S+ Do /Does + Not +V+
• Interrogative-  Do /Does + S+V1+O+?
• Interrogative Negative- Do /Does + S+ Not +V+O+?
• With WH family.... When/ Where/   +Do /Does + S+V1+O+?

Examples:

•          I go to school.
•      We go to school.
•     You go to school.
•      They go to school.
•      Students go to school.

     Negative:

•          I do not go to school.
•      We do not go to school.
•     You do not go to school.
•      They do not go to school.
•      Students do not go to school.
•       Sita does not sing a song.
•      Mohan does not play cricket.

Interrogative:

•     Do I go to school?
•      Do we go to school?
•      Does Mohan play cricket?
•      Does Sita sing a song?

Interrogative Negative:

•     Do I not go to school?
•      Do we not go to school?
•      Does Mohan not play cricket?
•      Does Sita not sing a song?

Exercise :

MMake 50 sentences on simple present tense using positive, negative and interrogative sentences.

Present Continuous Tense

      Present Continuous Tense is used to describe a continued or an ongoing action of the present. These actions are occurring exactly at the time of speaking. It is called progressive tense because it refers to actions which are currently in progress at the time of speaking.

     For instance, a boy says,"I am drinking water". It means that the action (drinking water ) is being done exactly at this time of speaking.

                It is also called progressive tense.

      Structure of the Sentence:

       Main verb: Base form of verb + ing. e.g. eating, drinking, singing, looking.

       Auxiliary verb" Is, am, are.

       I - Am

       Am - He, She, It, Ram, Sita.

       Are - You, We, They, 

      

     Positive Sentences.

      S+Auxiliary verb+ main verb+o.   

       Examples:

1.       I am washing my shirt.
2.       She is sleeping.
3.       Kids are playing cricket.
4.       He is writing a letter.
5.       They are playing cricket.
6.       Mohan is reading.

Negative Sentence:

      S+Auxiliary verb+ not+ main verb+o.

          

1.       I am not washing my shirt.
2.       She is not  sleeping.
3.       Kids are not playing cricket.
4.       He is not writing a letter.
5.       They are not playing cricket.
6.       Mohan is not reading.

      Interogative Sentence:

              Auxiliary verb+s+ main verb+o+?

              Auxiliary verb+s+not+ main verb+o+? (Negative)

     

1.        Am I washing my shirt?
2.       Is she sleeping?
3.       Are kids playing cricket?
4.       Is he writing a letter?
5.       Are they playing cricket?
6.      Is Mohan reading?

         Exercise :

M     Make 50 sentences on  present continuous tense using positive, negative and interrogative sentences.

Pr

Present perfect tense.