Note - Making
Note - making is an important study- skill. It also helps us at work. We need to draw the main points of the material we read as it is difficult to remember large chunks of information. It helps us to discriminate important points from the less important ones.
Why Notes are Important:
We need notes -
1. to consult before an examination;
2. for writing an essay;
3.for preparing a report;
4. for summarizing.
Characteristics of Good Notes
Read carefully the characteristics of good notes which are given below :
1. (i) Notes should be short. They should identify the main point.
(ii) They list information which is called appropriate format.
(iii) They are written only in phrases; not sentences.
2. Information is logically divided and subdivided by the use of figures/letters. Title is written first.
3. Abbreviations and symbols are freely used. Articles, preposition and conjunctions are omitted.
4. Notes must make sense when they are read again otherwise they be of no use.
SYMBOLS
(a) Universal Symbols
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؞ - therefore % -
per cent & - and 100 - hundred 1000 – thousand e.g. – for example
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i.e. – that
is
viz. – namely
→ leads to
﮸ as / because
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b. Mathematical symbols
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˂ less
than
˃
greater than
/ slash;
or
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® -
before
= equal to
@ at the rate of
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Abbreviations;
there are three categories of abbreviations:
1- Acronyms (capital initial letters)
2- Contractions (taking first few letters of the word)
3- Short form (taking first few and last few letters)
1- Acronyms
CBSE - Central Board of Secondary Education
ICSE - Indian Council of Secondary Education
NCERT- National Council of Educational Research and training
WHO- World Health Organization
CM - Chief minister
PM- Prime Minister
SHO -- Station House Officer
SP - Superintendent of Police
UN - United Nations
WHO -World Health Organization
2- Contraction
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Capt. -- Captain Co. - Company Col. - Colonel dis. - discount esp. - especially fig. - figure Hon. - Honorary in. - inch Lab. - Laboratory
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Rev. - Revered Sc. - Science Sep. - September Sig. - Signature Soc. - Society Teh. - Technical Tel. - Telegram Tel. - Telephone Univ. - University
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3- Short Forms
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bk - book Dr - doctor Deptt - Department estd - established Govt - Government Ltd - Limited wt - weight Mr. - Mister
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pt - point retd - Retired Std - Standard ft - foot/feet Stn - Station Secy - Secretary yr - year yd - yard
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Use of Full Stop in an Abbreviation (a) We often put a full stop after an abbreviation which does not end with the last letter of the word:
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Col. - Colonel Div. - Division
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Co. - Company info. - information
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(b) Abbreviation ending with the last letter of the word does not require full stop at the end:
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Govt - Government Ms - Miss or madam Dr - Doctor
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Mr - Mister Pt - Pandit wt - weight
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Note: Always avoid the confusing abbreviations.
Passage 1
A . Read the passage given below:
1. In the democratic countries intelligence is still free to ask whatever question it chooses. This freedom, it is almost certain, will not survive another war. Educationist should, therefore do all the can, while there is yet time, to build up , the men and women of the next generation will be at the mercy of that skillful propagandist who contrives to size the instruments of information and persuasion. Resistance to suggestion can be built up in two ways. first, children can be taught to rely on their own internal resources and not to depend on incessant stimulation from without.
continuous......
